Practice

Python Made Easy: Science and Math Edition

Sep-Dec 2025 batch, Vikrant Patil

Date: 13 Dec 2025

Click here for All Notes

© Vikrant Patil

Function

def cube(n):
    return n*n    
    

cube

<function __main__.cube(n)>

x = 10

def call_of_wild(species_name):
    if species_name == "dog":  # 
        return "bark"
    elif species_name == "cat":
        return "meow"
    elif species_name == "monkey":
        return "hoop"
    else:
        return "unkown species"

call_of_wild("dog")

'bark'

words = ["one", "two", "three", "four", "five"]

for w in words:
    print(w)

one
two
three
four
five

upper_words = []
for w in words:
    upper_words.append(w.upper())

upper_words

['ONE', 'TWO', 'THREE', 'FOUR', 'FIVE']

problem - Write a function convert_upper which will take list of words as argument and return list of upper case words.

def convert_upper(words_list):
    upper_words = []
    for w in words_list:
        upper_words.append(w.upper())
    
    return upper_words

lower_words = ["hello", "some", "words", "are", "here", "in", "lower"]
convert_upper(lower_words)

['HELLO', 'SOME', 'WORDS', 'ARE', 'HERE', 'IN', 'LOWER']

def square(x):
    return x*x # the work to be done is veru small ..x*x

def convert_upper(lower_words):
    upper_words = []
    for w in lower_words:
        upper_words.append(w.upper())
    return upper_words

text = "This is some text with some data in it!"
text.split() 

['This', 'is', 'some', 'text', 'with', 'some', 'data', 'in', 'it!']

Variable names

• variable names can not have space, +, -, *, **, ^, % special chars
• alphabets (caps/small) and numbers
• it can not start with a number
• it can have underscore _

hello

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[15], line 1
----> 1 hello

NameError: name 'hello' is not defined

[hello, these, are , some , words]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[16], line 1
----> 1 [hello, these, are , some , words]

NameError: name 'hello' is not defined

w1 = "one"
w2 = "two"
w3 = "three"

[w1, w2, w3]

['one', 'two', 'three']

numbers = [3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 12, 56]

def f(x):
    return x**2 + 2*x + 1

f(2)

9

f(3)

16

f(4)

25

def squares_list(numbers):
    sqrs = []
    for n in numbers:
        sqrs.append(n*n)
    return sqr

squares_list(numbers)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[25], line 1
----> 1 squares_list(numbers)

Cell In[24], line 5, in squares_list(numbers)
      3 for n in numbers:
      4     sqrs.append(n*n)
----> 5 return sqr

NameError: name 'sqr' is not defined

def squares_list(numbers):
    sqrs = []
    for n in numbers:
        sqrs.append(n*n)
    return sqrs

squares_list(numbers)

[9, 16, 4, 25, 36, 144, 3136]

f(5)

36

f(4, 5)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[29], line 1
----> 1 f(4, 5)

TypeError: f() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[11], line 1
----> 1 cubes_list(1,2,4,6,8)

TypeError: cubes_list() takes 1 positional argument but 5 were given

squares_list(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 87)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[31], line 1
----> 1 squares_list(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 87)

TypeError: squares_list() takes 1 positional argument but 6 were given

squares_list([1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 87])

[1, 4, 9, 25, 36, 7569]

def compute_f_list(numbers):
    values = []
    for n in numbers:
        values.append(f(n))
    return values

numbers

[3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 12, 56]

compute_f_list(numbers)

[16, 25, 9, 36, 49, 169, 3249]

def compute_sum(numbers):
    sumation = 0
    for n in numbers:
        sumation = sumation + n
    return sumation

compute_sum(numbers)

88

def product(numbers):
    p = 1
    for n in numbers:
        p = p * n
    return p

product(numbers)

483840

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

0
1
2
3
4

range(6)

range(0, 6)

for i in range(6):
    print(i)

0
1
2
3
4
5

for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

1
2
3
4
5

for i in range(1, 11):
    print(i)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

problem

Write a function factorial, it takes a number, n as inputs and computes n! and returns

f(3)

16

f(  f(2) )

100

len(numbers)

7

len("test")

4

Problem

• Write a function findlens which finds lengths of every word from a given list of words.

    >>> findlens(["one", "two", "three"])
    [3, 3, 5]

• Write a function find_words_of_len to find words of given length from given list.::

    >>> find_words_of_len(words, 3)
    ['one', 'two', 'six']