Module II - Day 5

Python Made Easy: Science and Math Edition

Sep-Dec 2025 batch, Vikrant Patil

Date: 17 Jan 2026

Live note are here https://vikrant.dev/python-made-easy-science-math/students-module2-day5.html

Please login to https://traininghub.vikrant.dev and create a notebook with name module2-day5.ipynb

Object Oriented Programming

x = 78
f = 45.8
text = "hello"
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
person = {"name":"Vikrant"}

            Instance of class
            +---------------+
            |               |<---------methods to manipulate data
            |    data       |
            |               |<---------methods
            +---------------+
                    |
                    |
                    +------<------- methods to access data

x # it has an integer and has data with value as 78

text # it is an object of type str, and data in it is "hello"

'hello'

text.isdigit()

False

text.upper()

'HELLO'

Bank account

%%file bank1.py

balance = 0
#identification - on hold

def desposit(amount):
    global balance # when we declare a variable as global it does not create local variable
    balance = balance + amount

def withdraw(amount):
    global balance # when we declare a variable as global it does not create local variable
    balance -= amount
    

def get_balance():
    return balance

Writing bank1.py

import bank1

bank1.get_balance()

bank1.desposit(1000)

bank1.get_balance()

bank1.withdraw(100)

bank1.get_balance()

%%file bank2.py


def create_account(amount, name):
    return {'balance': amount,
            'name': name}

def deposit(account, amount):
    account['balance'] += amount

def withdraw(account, amount):
    account['balance'] -= amount

def get_balance(account):
    return account['balance']

Overwriting bank2.py

import bank2

acc_vikrant = bank2.create_account(amount=2500, name="Vikrant")

bank2.deposit(acc_vikrant, 2000)

bank2.get_balance(acc_vikrant)

acc_samiha = bank2.create_account(name="Samiha", amount=5000)

bank2.get_balance(acc_samiha)

bank2.withdraw(acc_samiha, 250)

bank2.get_balance(acc_samiha)

bank2.get_balance(acc_vikrant)

nums

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

nums.append(6)

type(x)

int

type(nums)

list

type(person)

dict

type(text)

str

type(acc_vikrant)

dict

class BankAccount:

    # dunder init
    def __init__(self, name, amount): # this is a special function which is inside the class and
                                      # first argument is always self
        self.name = name
        self.balance = amount

    def deposit(self, amount):   
        self.balance += amount

    def withdraw(self, amount):
        self.balance -= amount

    def get_balance(self):
        return self.balance

acc1 = BankAccount(name="Pallavi", amount=4000)
acc2 = BankAccount(name="Poorva", amount=4500)

type(acc1)

__main__.BankAccount

acc1.deposit(1000)

acc1.get_balance()

acc2.get_balance()

acc2.deposit(5000)

acc2.get_balance()

def is_prime(n):
    return len([f for f in range(1, n+1) if n%f==0])==2

class Prime:
    
    def __init__(self, value):
        if is_prime(value):
            self.value = value
        else:
            raise ValueError("The value passed is not prime")

p5 = Prime(5)

type(p5)

__main__.Prime

Prime(4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[57], line 1
----> 1 Prime(4)

Cell In[53], line 10, in Prime.__init__(self, value)
      8     self.value = value
      9 else:
---> 10     raise ValueError("The value passed is not prime")

ValueError: The value passed is not prime

int("hello")

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[58], line 1
----> 1 int("hello")

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'hello'

acc3 = BankAccount(name="Vikrant", amount=3000)

isinstance(x, int)

True

isinstance(acc1, BankAccount)

True

isinstance(x, Prime)

False

class Food:

    def __init__(self, name, quantity, unitprice):

class Book:

    def __init__(self, title, author, genre):
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.genre = genre
        self.chapters = []

    def add_chapter(self, chapter):
        self.chapters.append(chapter)
0.04874730110168457
    def get_chapter(self, index):
        return self.chapters[index]

    def get_index(self):
        return "\n".join([f"{i} {c.title}" for i, c in enumerate(self.chapters, start=1)])


class Chapter:

    def __init__(self, title, contents):
        self.title = title
        self.contents = contents

    def append_contents(self, additonal_text):
        self.contentst = self.contents + additonal_text

    def get_contents(self):
        return self.contents

book1 = Book(title="My First Book", author="Vikrant", genre="Fiction")

book1.get_index()

''

chapter1 = Chapter("First Lesson", "Some testkjhsd askjhdlskajd")

book1.add_chapter(chapter1)

book1.get_index()

'1 First Lesson'

chapter2 = Chapter("Second Lesson", "jkdsgdjf jhf jkhdgsf ka\njhfsdghafjgh\n j,f jhgsdf askdhg \n jhgfasdgkf")

book1.add_chapter(chapter2)

print(book1.get_index())

1 First Lesson
2 Second Lesson

class Food:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name


class Raw(Food): # Raw is child of Food
    pass


class Cooked(Food): # Cooked is child of Food
    pass

f1 = Cooked("Chapati")
f2 = Cooked("Bhakri")
f3 = Cooked("Rice")

f4 = Raw("Cucumber")
f5 = Raw("Tomato")
f6 = Raw("Sprouts")

type(f1)

__main__.Cooked

isinstance(f1, Cooked)

True

isinstance(f1, Raw)

False

isinstance(f1, Food)

True

book1

<__main__.Book at 0x7feebb9c8d70>

nums

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

nums.append(0)

nums

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0]

import time

time.time() # time in miliseconds from epoch.. 1970...

1768665236.7330015

time.time()

1768665264.4353375

def computation(n):
    s = 0
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            s = s + float(i)*float(j)
    return s

computation(1000)

249500250000.0

computation(10000)

2499500025000000.0

class StopWatch:

    def __init__(self):
        self.starttime = 0
        self.endtime = 0

    def start(self):
        self.starttime = time.time()

    def stop(self):
        self.stoptime = time.time()

    def get_time_elapsed(self):
        return self.stoptime - self.starttime

timer = StopWatch()

timer.start()
computation(10000)
timer.stop()
print(timer.get_time_elapsed())

4.107861280441284

help(time.time)

Help on built-in function time in module time:

time()
    time() -> floating-point number

    Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
    Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.

timer.start()
computation(1000)
timer.stop()
print(timer.get_time_elapsed())

0.04874730110168457